Hierarchical Bayesian estimation of population-level torque law parameters from 68 young radio pulsars observed with the Murriyang telescope

Abstract

The measured braking index, of a rotation-powered pulsar with spin frequency (where an overdot symbolizes a time derivative) and braking torque, features secular and stochastic anomalies arising from and random torque noise respectively. Previous studies quantified the variance, where the secular anomaly, is inversely proportional to the characteristic time-scale over which K varies; the stochastic anomaly, is a function of the timing noise amplitude, a damping time-scale and the total observing time; and the average is taken over an ensemble of random realizations of the noise process. Here, we use a hierarchical Bayesian scheme, based on the formula for, to infer the population-level distr..